Membership Record Management System Essay

Presentation In the current occasions were presently in the period of modernization and one of the instances of the advances that has been made is the PC. A PC now a days not just concentrations in the line business, legislative issues, instruction, and financial matters. It additionally puts a significant job regarding religion. Much the same as the religion of Methodist Christian. PCs are utilized to record data, put away date and keep up data about the individuals that includes the foundation. PCs forms are promptly accessible to keep tracks of records, to right information and data to include or erase records and some more. Concerning now a days various types of foundations utilizes PCs as a feature of their regular activity. Record the board for religions is likewise a part influences by the impact of the PCs due to the advanced innovation now a days. Also for that, Methodist prepares PC offices that are extremely basic in an association to utilize. This framework helped different territories that includes in the establishment by moving the manual procedure of their undertaking to mechanize preparing, from manual records to modernize. Furthermore, for that, the defenders have chosen to build up an enrollment record the board framework that will support the said area. 1:1 Background of the examination Joined Methodist Church (UMC) is a Methodist Christian category that is both mainline Protestant and Evangelical. Established in 1968 by the association of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. One of the Church is the Immanuel United Methodist Church in Palawe City of San Fernando Pampanga.This church has no legitimate method of recording the rundown of new part and other data of the congregation. The examination will center about the manual use of enlistment to modernized way. The advocates will build up a framework that will make the enrollment of the individuals simpler and quicker. This framework will assist the congregation with saving, alter, recover and print the records of the individuals. 1.2 Statement of the Problem When were directing the enrollment for the Methodist church were stillâ encountering such a large number of issues on how we will make the enlistment simpler. 1.2.1 General Problem The issue that the facilitators watched and the one that we’re attempting to tackle in the congregation are these: obliging of registrants is moderate, bogus data that has been encoded and they utilize manual strategy in directing the participation for the congregation. 1.2.2 Specific Problems These were the particular issues that we’ve experienced utilizing the current framework: 1. The individuals and overseer of the congregation take a great deal of time in preparing the data for their records. 2. They don’t have a legitimate stockpiling for the records because of that different documents have been misfortune. 3. There is a trouble of finding records since documents are not sorted out appropriately. 4. The encoding of data of the individuals might be mistaken in view of manual encoding. 5. The individuals don’t have a printed duplicate about the data on their enrollment. 1.3 Objective of the Study The Immanuel United Methodist Church Membership Record Management System will make the enlistment of the individuals quicker and simpler. Documents of the individuals will be put away and composed appropriately. 1.3.1 General Objectives To create Membership Record Management System for Immanuel United Methodist Church. The district that we’ve pick is situated in Palawe City of San Fernando Pampanga. The defenders will endeavor to diminish all the issues experienced in the current framework. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 1. To build up a framework that will quicker the preparing of the data of the individuals. 2. To build up a framework that will guarantee records security. 3. To build up a framework that will give quick looking and recovery of recorded documents. 4. To build up a framework that will guarantee precise and quick calculation of the complete individuals from the congregation. 5. To build up a framework thatâ will give a printed duplicate of their data. 1.4 Assumption In actualizing the proposed framework the defenders have set the accompanying suppositions. 1. The proposed framework will attach the handling of the data of the individuals.. 2. The proposed framework will guarantee records security. 3. The proposed framework will give quick looking and recovery of recorded documents. 4. The proposed framework will guarantee precise and quick calculation of the absolute individuals from the congregation. 5. The proposed framework will give a printed duplicate of their data. 1.5 Conceptual Framework of the Study 1.6 Significance of the investigation The examination plans to gather some critical data that will help the defenders in building up the proposed framework which is IUMC Membership Record Management System. 1.6.1 Economic Significance With the execution of the proposed framework it will empower the enlistment to make it quicker, increasingly exact, progressively noteworthy, progressively proficient and made sure about. It will likewise have a more splendid side as far as monetary organizations that are include in the congregation that need to think about new innovations and participation framework. 1.6.2 Educational Significance It will fill in as a directing device in making mechanized administration framework for future understudy that need to manage framework the executives. It will help PC understudies in building much better thoughts for their own upgrades. It will likewise fill in as a source of perspective guide for extra data in the field of Information Technology. 1.6.3 Social Significance It will empower the general public to see progressively about the significance of electronic framework in these advanced occasions. With the assistance of the framework abilities of accomplishing the work will be simpler and quicker. 1.6.4 Technological Significance With the assistance of advance innovation now a days these administration related errand are done quicker. To help us now a days, administration in holy places use PCs to have the option to improved more work. The defenders must experience what the innovation can truly do and how it changes the customary everyday practice of work. By utilizing PC types of gear it will improve the presentation of the congregation. 1.7 Scope and Delimitation The advocates accepted that the proposed framework will give the district an incredible assistance and be progressively gainful in playing out their participation. These are the accompanying abilities that the defenders have set: 1. To play out some including, altering, erasing or scanning of records for individuals and what position they have in the congregation. 2. To have a procedure information of each orderly that goes on the congregation. 3. To have a modernized report, data and other accumulated bits of information. 4. To deliver electronic printed duplicate to the part. 5. To play out a most extreme update in every single individuals that been encoded. 1.8 Operational Definition of Terms Record Management-Systematic organization of records and archived data for its whole individuals, data and for the administration that handles the entire framework. Data System-It is a blend of all the hardware’s, software’s and different offices that includes about the framework. As far as arranging, planning, examining and dynamic for the framework. Database-It is a methodicallly sorted out of records that permits simple recovery, refreshing, examination and yield of records that speaks to pretty much every sort of data. Yield it is the data produce by a PC. Director It is an individual that is answerable for dealing with a PC or system and who has full access to the equipment and programming. Individuals These are the people that are include in dealing with the framework. Protestant †an individual from any few church group preventing the all inclusive authority from claiming the Pope and asserting the reconstruction standards of support by confidence alone. Section 2 Survey of Related Literature and Studies Every single instructive investigation requires data from others so they can improve the examination given by the advocates. The advocates assembled other related abstract pieces on going before examination and letters of perceived specialists that would have significant subtleties in connection about the issue that under goes further clarifications whether the related data is by methods for existing papered records, the investigation centers around the affirmations and to additionally make more grounded the beginning of the investigation. 2.1 Review of Related Literature 2.1.1 Foreign LiteratureThe terms record, archive and information are not exchangeable. As indicated by BS15489, a Record is â€Å"Information made, got and kept up as proof as well as data by an association or individual, in compatibility of legitimate commitments or in the exchange of business†. A record must be held as long as it has esteem and is crushed toward the finish of that period. A Document in this manner, is everything else so â€Å"does a ‘document’ truly should be put away at all?† Today with the advances in innovation, chapels have adjusted to change and in specific conditions are tolerating messages and other electronic types of records or correspondences as ‘best evidence’ where bone-fide printed version firsts are not accessible. In the past when houses of worship were searching for answers for expel or lessen costs from their tasks, their first port was to expel old documents from their costly office space and put it into pr ofound capacity in a remote distribution center where the cost was low and access was negligible. This kind of administration would in general be utilized for idle authentic records, as a minimal effort technique for protecting them until the finish of theirâ statutory maintenance period when they could be annihilated. This is the starting points of Document Storage. As enactment and innovation came into place requiring temples and associations to keep records as proof and innovation has created, the need has moved to that of overseeing data. Such a functioning administration, so an association can rapidly and effectively find and recover the

Research Proposal on Banking free essay sample

Presentation Over thirty-five years have gone since scholastics started theorizing on the effect that data innovation (IT) would have on authoritative structure. The discussion is still on-going, and the two scientists and supervisors keep on investigating the connection among IT and authoritative structure. As associations need to process more data under these dubious conditions, IT is one potential path for associations to build their data handling capability.We are leading an examination in HBL bank that, how bank increment the quantity of record holders utilizing Internet banking among its Current Account holders. IT dramatically affects the two people groups individual and expert lives. IT is additionally changing the idea of associations by giving chances to roll out major improvements in the manner they work together. The innovation is evolving quickly, with figuring speeds and the quantities of transistor counterparts accessible in a given zone of a microchip chip both multiplying in extremely brief timeframe. Associations are gaining increasingly more innovation frameworks to help with everything from assembling to the administration of data to the arrangement and improvement of client assistance. Outfitting and organizing this registering power is the test. New devices and imaginative points of view with which to look at, decipher, and fathom these quickly developing conditions are constantly required and looked for. Foundation/Literature View: IT is changing how business is conducted.Computers get ready solicitations, issue checks, monitor the development of stock, and store staff and finance records. Word handling and PCs are changing the examples of office work, and the spread of data innovation is influencing the effectiveness and intensity of business, the structure of the work power, and the general development of financial yield. Numerous individuals accept that the essential main impetus behind this data transformation is progress in microelectronic innovation, especially in the advancement of coordinated circuits or chips.Thus, the explanation that figuring power that used to occupy a room and cost $1 million presently remains on a work area and expenses $500 or that pocket adding machines that used to cost $1000 now cost $10 is that society happens to have profited by a progression of breathtakingly fruitful developments in the field of hardware. Yet, less individuals comprehend why the presentation of data innovation happened when it did or took the way that it did, why information handling preceded word preparing or why PCs changed the workplace condition before they changed the production line environment.Because this innovation situated perspective on the reasons for the data transformation offers little direction to the heading that mechanical advancements have taken so far, it offers little understanding into the course that they will take later on. Electronic banking is one of the principal things that strike a chord when one contemplates the eventual fate of banking. It is commonly expected that electronic banking is new and that it will supplant or enhance numerous channels of conveyance of retail banking administrations. The term electronic banking as utilized here alludes to any financial action got to by electronic means.It incorporates Online Banking, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Automated Call Centers, Digi tal Cash, Internet Banking, Screen Telephones, E-Utility Bills, etc. These channels of conveyance can be utilized for introducing and covering tabs, purchasing and selling protections, moving assets, and giving other budgetary items and administrations. Electronic banking can be utilized for retail banking and business-to-business (B2B) exchanges, just as for encouraging huge sum moves. Similarly significant, electronic banking is an overall phenomenon.As the term is utilized here, it includes exchanges. Sites that are value-based are viewed as electronic banking. Electronic banking and the Internet when all is said in done are driving a move in the manner in which banks and different organizations arrange and the manner in which they consider themselves. A move is occurring from vertical joining to virtual reconciliation. Banks and other monetary middle people must understand that they are in the budgetary data industry. The Internet makes it conceivable to bring the two clients and providers together to share basic business information.E-banking assists manages an account with transferring and show to their customers how great their administrations are, what number of administrations we are giving and that the administrations they offer are of better guidelines. Through E-banking the organization can show the customers that they are superior to contenders and can give them fulfillment ensured. Explanation of the issue The web and the various things it can do to elevate business methods, items and administrations is a present need for business. One of webs items is Electronic banking. Electronic banking is a quicker path for customers to execute with the banks personnel.Clients can in any case execute with banks while on the solace and security of their homes and Offices. The fundamental reason for this proposed look into is to decide, how we will expand Internet Banking Users among their current Account holders. Hypothetical Framework: Increase Internet Banking Users Quality Products (sites) A Bank Manager saw that, in the event that he gives the better Quality Products (Websites) and Low Bank Charges on Internet-Banking to his Account holders. This will build the quantity of Customer of Internet Banking.But it won't influence on those Account holders with less capability and don't utilize web. Capability of record holder and utilization of web Low Bank Charges on Internet Banking Research Objectives: This Research plans to discover, If Bank refreshes its site and gives quality items, simple use and just as lessen its exchange charges on Internet banking will expand the quantity of clients utilizing Internet Banking among its Account holders. Be that as it may, as indicated by the writing audit, the capability of record holder is has a significant im pact in this relationship.Our objective is on the off chance that we increment quality items and lessen its exchange charges on Internet banking will expand the Internet Banking clients. Research Question: * If we increment quality items and diminish its exchange charges on Internet banking will build the Internet Banking clients or not? * Qualification of client and utilization of web is impact on web banking clients or not? Research Design/Methodology: Type of research This exploration will utilize the unmistakable sort of research.Descriptive technique for investigate is to accumulate data about the present existing condition and taking care of the issue. The expressive methodology is snappy and increasingly commonsense monetarily. In addition, this strategy will take into account an adaptable methodology, consequently, when significant new issues and questions emerge during the length of the examination, a further examination might be permitted. The investigation picked to utilize this sort of research considering the objective of the examination to acquire direct information in order to figure judicious and sound ends and suggestions for the investigation. Resea rch StrategyFor this examination information will be accumulated through ordering distributed investigations from various books, articles from various related diaries and contemplates, and other scholarly instruments. A while later make a substance examination of the gathered narrative and verbal material. The investigation will at that point sum up all the important data. The investigation will at that point make an end dependent on the said data and give quick suggestions on the best way to take care of the said issue. Test and Sampling Technique The respondents of the exploration originated from the various parts of bank referenced from Karachi.Due to time requirement and furthermore, for the accommodation of the scientist, just hundred (100) respondents were considered for the investigation. The comfort inspecting procedure was forced in the investigation to get the hundred respondents, predominantly in light of the fact that the accessibility of the respondents from the various branches was thought of. This piece of the investigation is significant on the grounds that the most significant information expected to satisfy the goals and points of this examination might be provided by the respondents from the Branches of HBL bank Karachi. Essential and auxiliary information collection The essential wellspring of information will originate from a review utilizing poll and meetings that will be led by the scientist. The essential information regularly gives the point by point meanings of terms and measurable units utilized in the review. These are typically separated into better groupings. The auxiliary wellspring of information will originate from look into through the web; books, diaries, related examinations and different wellsprings of data. Procuring optional information are increasingly advantageous to utilize on the grounds that they are as of now consolidated and organized.Moreover, examination and translation are accomplished all the more without any problem. Approval of the instrument For approval purposes, the specialist pre-tried an example of the set study polls. This was finished by leading an underlying study to at any rate five respondents from the various banks from Karachi. After the respondents replied, the scientists at that point solicited them to refer to the parts from the survey that needs improvement. The analyst even requested recommendations and adjustments from the respondents to guarantee that the overview poll is effective.Automatically, these five respondents were excluded as respondents for the examination. Information investigation Data assembled will be broke down through recurrence conveyances. These will offer approach to exploring the information classes and the quantity of referrals in every classification. The information procured will be examined by the various classifications and significance. The data that will be accumulated and examined will be critical to accomplish the goals wanted by the examination.

Brothels and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay Example for Free

Houses of ill-repute and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay In this examination I will concentrate for the most part on the guideline of the two religious communities and massage parlors in the timeframe of Shakespeare and the early Renaissance. Ruth Mazo Karras’ â€Å"The Regulation of Brothels in Later Medieval England,† centers precisely around this theme all through England and other European nations during the Renaissance. Concerning the religious circles I will be taking a gander at an article entitled â€Å"Subjects on the World’s Stage: Essays on British Literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance,† composed by David G. The guidelines of houses of ill-repute in the Renaissance were respected intensely. Karras says that ladies inside these houses of ill-repute were essentially viewed as malevolent and as heathens yet they remained possessing the situation of prostitution exclusively due to the sexual craving of men; these whorehouses were considered â€Å"†¦a important evil† (Karras). The main equal between ladies of religious communities and stews I came to discover was that of the part of being illegal from society it might be said. Ladies of communities were totally separated from general society, no insiders could leave and no outcasts could come in (Allen). The main contrast in the mystery of these two spots was the way that the houses of ill-repute were gone to by men. Karras likewise expresses that the ladies of houses of ill-repute were not given any rights that customary ladies had, â€Å"In a few spots, she was not permitted to dismiss any client, without a doubt couldn't be as saulted on the grounds that she was considered to have a place with all men and in this way reserved no option to retain consent† (Karras). These two parts of women’s lives in this timeframe have a significant influence in the dramatization Measure for Measure, and particularly set up the scene in the initial demonstration of the play. When Claudio sends for his sister, Isabel, to assist him with escaping prison, in which he was condemned to death for having pre-marriage (by the eyes of the congregation) sex with Juliet, Isabel leaves the religious community where she was going to take her pledges so as to spare her sibling. Hence, we have a nearly cloister adherent and evil intercourse promptly in Act 1, both straightforwardly identified with the possibility of communities and massage parlors and the ladies inside these spots. For this situation, be that as it may, Juliet isn't a whore however according to Angelo and the law is viewed as one on account of her and Claudio’s informal and lacking marriage. Houses of ill-repute and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure. (2016, Oct 13). We have papers on the accompanying points that might bear some significance with you

Essay Sample - Writing Your Student Essay

Essay Sample - Writing Your Student EssayAn essay sample contains the main ideas and points that you need to include in your essay. Although some may argue that writing a full essay is not as important as these samples can be a good practice in creating an essay. The sample will help you determine what should be written in the body of your essay and what should be left out.You may also decide to use a sample because it is more readable than the full-blown essay you would write. Therefore, it can help you decide whether to rewrite the essay or not. Using a sample can also assist you in picking up some of the style and conventions that are commonly used in writing essays.If you have been able to use samples correctly, it would seem that this is enough to get an A in school. However, as we all know, there are always more things to consider. What if there are questions that you have not thought of?When considering a specific essay sample, you must consider the characteristics of the stud ent who has actually written the essay. Sometimes, an essay sample may not be suitable for students in certain majors. However, other times, an essay sample is perfect.When you have decided on a sample that works well for your school and students, you must remember that there are examples from other writers, such as Anthony Trollope, Shakespeare, and Twain. When you know what you are looking for, you may choose the samples that are most appropriate. However, there are many people who have never picked up an essay sample in their lives. Therefore, they cannot be the best person to answer your question.There is another additional problem to consider. If you get your essay for an essay test, it is likely that it will be compared to other samples. If your sample is better than the sample that has already been read, your score will be lower.So, although samples can be helpful, they should not be the only thing you consider when trying to write an essay. You should choose carefully the sa mple that will help you write your essay the best way.

Essay on The Causes and Effects of Divorce - 500 Words

From past to present people all over the world have determined to live together, or â€Å"get married†. Marriage can be a beautiful thing, but some couples are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Furthermore divorce is definitely on a rise. The effects of divorce can be detrimental to a family, but the causes of divorce can be just as bad. In this essay we will cover one of the main causes of divorce and one of the main effects. One of the main causes that marriages are not lasting is the change in the roles of woman today. Prior to the 1980’s it was the man’s responsibility to earn money and financially provide for his family, whereas the†¦show more content†¦Now women share an equal role in businesses and work outside of just maintaining a clean house. Now that women can earn just as much money as men they don’t have to rely on anyone to bring, so they can separate from their significant others a lot easier. One of the biggest effects of divorce is the effect it has on our children. Most couples get married and have children shortly after, and all decision made by the couples directly affect their children. Studies show that divorce has one of the most negative effects on children. Children living in single parent homes are more likely to be pregnant as teenagers, drop out of high school, abuse drugs and have behavioral issues. Furthermore due to the high dropout rates of single parent children they often have hard times finding jobs due to their lack of education. Often times we will see that children from broken homes will also have issues maintaining long term relationships as well. Studies show that children who parents are divorced or separated marriages will end in divorce as well. One last scary effect of divorce is that 92 percent of inmates in California State correctional facilities are products of singl e parent homes; in other words at some point when they were children their parents either divorced or became separated. In conclusion due to changes in roles of both women and men divorce is on the rise, and is leaving a huge negative on the ones we love most our children. DivorceShow MoreRelated The Causes And Effects Of Divorce Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesforever. This situation leads to the phenomenon called divorce, which unfortunately is becoming more common than ever before, and it is drastically bringing new effects in the lives of those individuals involved. Some causes for divorce vary from couple to couple, but the most frequent ones tend to be, change of women’s role in society, lack of communication, and lack of trust in the relationship. One significant cause that leads to divorce is the change in women’s roles. 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John Maynard Keynes Multiplier Effect - 1603 Words

John Maynard Keynes: Multiplier Effect In 1931, a British economist named Richard Kahn introduced what is known as the multiplier effect. In Kahn’s article, â€Å"The Relation of Home Investment to Unemployment†, he first introduced the multiplier effect which in turn ended up being his most notable contribution to the field of economics (Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn.). The multiplier effect can be defined as how aggregate expenditure, for example government spending, causes an increase in output. According to Investopedia, the multiplier effect showed that any type of government spending results in cycles that increase employment and prosperity, no matter what kind of spending it is Beattie, Andrew). With that being said, how much money should†¦show more content†¦Although Keynes passed away in 1946, he is considered arguably the most influential economist of the 20th century and event today we continue to see some economic ideas originated from Keynes. The primary concept surrounding the multiplier is that once money is filtered into the economy, people will continue to spend that money. Theoretically, if people saved no money, by Keynesian Economics, the economy would be a perfect, unstoppable engine running at full employment (Beattie, Andrew). Unfortunately, people do save money and the economy isn’t perfect. Keynesians argued that the more that the government can get people to spend all of the income, the closer to perfection the economy would be. With that being said, Keynesians attempted to counteract savings by taxing savings. This would ultimately cause more people to spend their money rather than save it, because why would people save if they have to pay to save? Keynes’ defined the multiplier to be 1/(1-MPC), where MPC stands for the Marginal Propensity to Consume. Although, what does â€Å"Marginal Propensity to Consume† mean? 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He proposedRead MoreThe Marginal Propensity Of Consume762 Words   |  4 Pagescannot spend more than the extra dollar. According to John Maynard Keynes (1936), marginal propensity to consume is less than one. The Multiplier MPC s importance depends on the multiplier theory. MPC determines the value of the multiplier. The higher the MPC, the higher the multiplier and vice versa. A small change in the aggregate demand initially can give a final wide change in the national income. This is considered as the multiplier effect and due to this change in demand it would give a circularRead MoreKayne vs Hayek1370 Words   |  6 PagesChanya Udomphorn ID# 5380040 Macroeconomics Mr. Rattakarn Komonrat Keynes vs. Hayek Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the whole economy. Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, and price indices to understand how the whole economy functions. 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John Maynard Keynes was an important figure that worked to apply fiscal policy that would remedy an economic depression. Keynes’s idea of fiscal policy is the means by which government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence the economy. Further, Keynes is known as the father of â€Å"Mixed Economy†, in which both the private sector (households and privately owned businesses)Read MoreJohn Maynard Keynes Transformed Economics In The 20Th Century1507 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Maynard Keynes transformed economics in the 20th century by challenging traditionalist thinking and the postulates that underpinned their theories. Keynes disagreed with the laissez faire attitude of the classical thinkers, and argued for greater government intervention due to his belief that the focus should be on demand side macroeconomics rather than supply side. This belief transpired because of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent depression that highlighted the shortcomingsRead MoreIS, LM model and explanations(in the form of an essay).1350 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: During the years after World War II, the development of the IS-LM model took several directions. Probably, the most prominent ideas on that theory were expressed in the work of John Hicks called Mr. Keynes and the Classics. The model expressed in the article was largely based on the works of John Maynard Keynes and became a widely accepted as the alternative framework to standard Keynesian analysis. The IS-LM model is a way of modelling equilibrium in the economy by looking at equilibrium in

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762000-219075 Essay Essaynuclear weapons have made the world a more dangerous place GROUP10 HamadsaeedALshamsi(BSBAW 171023) HamadhadefAlshamsi(BSBAW -171024) Khalifaibrahimalhamadi(BSBAW -171014) Does the spread of nuclear weapons make the world safer or more dangerous? Most people usually have an instinctive reply to this question: Of course, it makes things more dangerous. How could it not? It might seem surprising, therefore, that not all nuclear analysts agree, and the debate remains unresolved. Like so many of the issues relating to nuclear weapons, the debate is built largely on speculation and ambiguous historical experience. Nuclear weapons remain attractive to insecure or ambitious states. In regional rivalries such as the subcontinent, East Asia, and the Middle East,the bomb still has influence. Whatever else one has to say and presumably not much has been left unsaid about the nuclear strategy of the past six decades nuclear status still imparts extraordinary prestige and power. The nine current members of the nuclear weapon club still possess about 27,000 operational nuclear weapons of various types between them. At least another 15 countries have on hand enough highly enriched uranium for a nuclear weapon. Since 1945, many influential voices have expressed alarm that the spread of nuclear weapons will inevitably lead to world destruction. So far, that prediction has not been proved right. But is that because of effective efforts to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, or, to borrow a phrase from former Secretary of State Dean Acheson, after the Cuban Missile Crisis, just plain dumb luck?Nuclear proliferation remains urgent not just because of the risk of a terrorist organization getting its hands on nuclear weapons, but because the proliferation of weapons necessarily means a proliferation of nuclear deterrents. Nuclear weapons have long been a force multiplier, able to make up for imbalances in conventional military power. Paradoxically,then, the unassailable lead of the United States in military power and technology might actually invite other nations to acquire the bomb as a way to influence or even deter American foreign policy initiatives. The lesson of the first Gulf War, one Indi an general was reported as saying,is that you do not go to war with the United States without the bomb, the 2003 invasion of Iraq serving as yet another glossy advertisement of the protective power of a nuclear arsenal. This is not a new development. It is, in fact, a lesson American policymakers have been concerned about for some time, and one for which no easy solution seems likely. Bill Clintons Secretary of Defense, Les Aspin, outlined the problem in December 1993:During the Cold War, our principal adversary had conventional forces in Europe that were numerically superior. For us, nuclear weapons were the equalizer. The threat to use them was present and was used to compensate for our smaller numbers of conventional forces. Today, nuclear weapons can still be the equalizer against superior conventional forces. But today it is the United States that has unmatched conventional military power, and it is our potential adversaries who may attain nuclear weapons. Accordingly, Aspin concluded, the United States could wind up being the equalized. To take an earlier example, John F. Kennedy acknowledged in the wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis that even a small number of nuclear weapons could deter even the most powerful states. A central element of the proliferation debate revolves around the perceived effectiveness of nuclear deterrence. If deterrence works reliably, as optimists argue, then there is presumably less to be feared in the spread of nuclear weapons. But if nuclear deterrence does not work reliably,pessimists maintain, more nuclear weapons states will presumably lead not just to a more complicated international arena but a far more dangerous one. A Lesson Before Dying EssayMoreover, recent scholarship in the fields of history and deterrence theory questions deeply held beliefs regarding how nuclear weapons might influence the behaviour of national decision-makers. For example, declassified official documents from the Cold War reveal occasions when nuclear catastrophe was avoided by luck or seemingly random events rather than by the clearly identifiable operation of nuclear deterrence. There are further examples where existential characteristics of alerted nuclear forces appear to have caused crises that nearly resulted in their use. Finally, a growing number of strategists and technical and political elites regard nuclear weapons and deterrence theory as anachronistic. Some view the whole idea of nuclear weapons as out of step with todays global threats, understanding of power and notions of human rights and the rule of law. Emerging structural changes in the international system (such as globalisation) undercut traditional theories of nuclear deterrence, while trends in information technology make possible much more agile and discriminate forms of military power. These arguments dovetail with others that assert that our greater understanding of the Earths environmental systems and humankinds interdependence with those systems has made eliminating nuclear weapons more salient. A quite limited exchange of nuclear weapons against urban areas could trigger or accelerate global climatic catastrophe (cooling rather than warming), leading to the deaths of millions who had been uninvolved in the conflict itself. Many citizens, scientists and laymen alike, view nuclear-weapons abolition as an essential milestone in the development of human civilisation, a moral, ideological and practical campaign that could catalyse the transformation of international relations and improve the outlook for civilisation at a critical time. Humanity stands at an historic juncture, facing multiple interconnected threats within a compressed timescale. Besides the potential use of nuclear weapons, these include environmental degradation, resource scarcity, climate change, overpopulation, global disease pandemics, financial crises and natural disasters. The sort of international cooperation needed to reduce the number of nuclear weapons is similar to that needed to address these other transnational threats. Elimination of nuclear weapons would at least symbolically improve the chances of successfully addressing other existential threats. Obama, and others who seek a world without nuclear weapons, are right. Eliminating nuclear weapons is profoundly in the national-security interest of the United States and its allies and friends. Without major progress towards the elimination of nuclear arms, moreover, it is unlikely that the world will be able to avoid nuclear use for a prolonged period or respond adequately to security challenges related to climate change, resource scarcity and environmental degradation. The international community must reject the myths and expose the risks of the ideology of nuclear deterrence if it is to successfully meet the mutual global challenges of the twenty-first century.

The Sound Of Ghostface Killah Shattering Preconceived Notions Of Art And The Modern Aesthetic Essay Example For Students

The Sound Of Ghostface Killah Shattering Preconceived Notions Of Art And The Modern Aesthetic Essay Some might view the Ghostface Killah song Holla, off his 2004 LP The Pretty Toney Album, as being a minimalist, lazy, unoriginal, nonsensical, or just plain bad piece of art, if it is indeed even art; such critics, however, miss the postmodern genius of the Wu-Tang member and Theodore Unit founders radical aesthetic. After all, similar charges were leveled against poets like Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, and William Carlos Williams, who are now firmly entrenched in the literary canon of Western civilization, and contemporary painters like David Salle, who pioneered American visual postmodernism with a succde scandale in 1980s New York. We will write a custom essay on The Sound Of Ghostface Killah Shattering Preconceived Notions Of Art And The Modern Aesthetic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ghostface produced Holla himself. At first glance, this seems to fall more in line with the punk do it yourself aesthetic than any sort of postmodernism. However, in the context of this song, producing simply means Ghostface chose the song he wanted to rap over, in this case The Delfonics 1968 smash hit La La (Means I Love You). Because of this unique nature, an analysis of Holla is not possible without at least a cursory glance at the song that serves as its backdrop. This song, an enduring classic of soul in common time, was produced by Thom Bell and Stan Watson. It begins with the high-pitched sample of a fiddle, with a light drum loop that persists throughout the song. The fiddle soon drops out, leaving the drums, whose perseverance mirrors that of the main singer, who is determined to win the target of his affection despite his lack of wealth (Now I dont wear no diamond ring). While he cannot compete with his fellow suitors materially, he makes up for it in sincerity: while their lines dont mean a thing, he says in the first verse, he adds in the second that the things I am sayin are true. His earnestness is also evident in the longing nature of his voice, the way he cannot even find words to express his feelings, saying instead that la la la la la la la la la means I love you, accented by harmonizing with the other Delfonics and a more classical sounding string sample with a romantic affect. After a short instrumental interlude, the singer once more asserts his sincerity before the hauntingly iconic chorus repeats, fading into the background, as the addressee of the courtship interjects oh, youll have to understand. This repetition combined with what we can only assume is the beginning of a rejection gives the song a tragic poignance. With this preliminary analysis out of the way, we can proceed to the heart of the matter: Ghostfaces work of art, Holla. And indeed it is art, even though the only technical production he does is sample his fellow Wu-Tang member going BLAOW! while he raps over La-La (Means I Love You). We do not question Ezra Pounds status as artist, and his magnum opus, the Cantos, are a re-telling of Dantes Divine Comedy that rely heavily on classical mythology. We do not challenge David Salles claim to artistic integrity, and every single figure in his paintings comes from another work of art. So why are the standards different for Ghostface when he chooses a classic song as a background for his own (admittedly challenging) lyrics, especially when he does it in such a creative way, playfully interacting with the Delfonics song while presenting his own coherent verbal vision? It is likely that it is simply a reflection of the general societal attitude towards hip-hop. Despite commercial success and numerous scholarly studies from musicologists, music theorists, anthropologists, and many other academics in various fields, the mainstream refuses to accept hip-hop as a legitimate art-form. The song itself, as mentioned before, has incredibly minimal levels of production; Ghostface simply raps over the song, not even bothering to change the levels of the vocals or instrumentation. While this technique or lack thereof is minimalistic in theory, in practice it often leads to a cluttered feel, as Ghostfaces vocals vie for primacy with those of the Delfonics, sometimes dominating, sometimes being drowned out. .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f , .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .postImageUrl , .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f , .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f:hover , .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f:visited , .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f:active { border:0!important; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f:active , .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u25c9e15c3c094dfec9a84c7b36dd8e7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Monotheism Vs Polytheism EssayIndeed, one can hardly call La-La (Means I Love You) the background track, as the same emphasis is given to it as Ghostfaces rapping. This is not indeed, cannot be a sign of laziness or incompetence on the part of Ghostface. It would not have been difficult for him to take the vocals out of the track, or at least lower their level. Ghostface is not an underground rapper with severe fiscal and temporal constraints; so, it must have been a conscious, deliberate decision. If we accept that the choice was intentional, then, it becomes not only unique but bold and revolutionary. Like Salle, the founding father of American postmodern painting, Ghostface takes the consensus view of his medium and turns it on its head, defying all aesthetic expectations. One counter-argument is that anyone with basic audio software could place vocals over another song. So what separates the artist like Ghostface from the amateur sitting in his basement imagining himself a member of the Bomb Squad? One obvious difference is the vocals themselves. Few could write lyrics like Ghostface, and even fewer could match his explosive, emotionally dynamic, almost melodramatic flow. Holla is not only saturated with end rhyme, but also contains masterful flourishes of internal rhyme (Bartenders nervous, afraid to serve us, bad service/Un-smacked him on purpose and see this drunk come and burp us) and assonance (Paper chasers, Starky stayed up in the makings). In addition to this elevated mode of poetic speech (in Roman Jakobsons words, Ghostface projects the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection to the axis of combination), Ghostface gains artistic integrity through his innovative use of La-La (Means I Love You). Salle once described the difference between amateur and artistic collage by saying that an artists collage is different in that it has a coherent theme: anyone can cut and paste pictures together, not anyone can cut and paste pictures of various motifs with symbolic significance together. Because sampling is indeed a kind of sonic collage, this description is analogous to Holla, and because Ghostface did not arbitrarily choose a Delfonics song over which to rap, he is an artist. The juxtaposition of the Delfonics poignant song of unattainable love with Ghostfaces lyrics of trademark Wu-Tang bravado (as reinforced by the samples of ODB shouting BLAOW, which come from the song shame, a practical mission statement of Wu-Arrogance) is striking. While the Delfonics sing about taking a true love into your arms, Ghostface sings about wreck yall lames and throw the Tec to your brain. Also striking is Ghostfaces actual interaction with the lyrics of the older song. The titular word, taken from the chorus, serves to play on the Delfonics song. As guest artist Allah Real sings Holla holla holla if you want to, I love you, the final syllable in holla coincides with the Delfonics las, as does the final I love you. As the Delfonics croon I dont wear a diamond ring/I dont even have a song to sing, Ghostface concurrently raps We dont need no diamond rings/All we need is a drum like, fuck it, he can rhyme, Ill sing. Though temporally these lines are practically equivalent, one can interpret it as the ideal response to the line in the Delfonics song, the one the singer never got from the apologetic but distant object of his affection. Through this ingenious interplay of his own lyrics with the lyrics of the song he raps over, as well as the very juxtaposition of the two jarringly dissimilar songs, Ghostface Killah creates a brilliantly original work of art that challenges as all of hip-hop does to some extent preconceived ideas of what constitutes art. However, Ghostface takes it even further than his peers, blasting through the barrier of modernism into the brave new world of the postmodern.

Fun Holiday Science Projects

Fun Holiday Science Projects Are you looking for another source of fun for the winter holidays? Why not add some educational science projects with a winter holiday theme? These seasonal activities and experiments will entertain you, plus you may learn something too. Christmas Tree Preservative - You can use a little chemical know-how to keep your holiday tree fresh and beautiful. All you need are some common household ingredients. Marbled Scented Gift Wrap - Use a surfactant to marble paper to make your own gift wrap. You can embed a fragrance in the paper, too, so that it can smell like candy canes or Christmas trees. Make Your Own Snow - If the temperature where you live dips below freezing, then dont settle for polymer snow. Make your own water snow! Magic Crystal Christmas Tree - Grow crystals on a paper or sponge Christmas tree with this fun and easy project. Poinsettia pH Paper - The colorful bracts of this traditional holiday decoration contain a pigment that you can harvest for use as a pH indicator. Kid-Friendly Snow Globe - This is an arts-and-crafts type of project that shows even very young kids how to make their own snow globe or water globe. Crystal Snow Globe - On the other hand, if you are more proficient with chemistry, try using benzoic acid in your snow globe. The benzoic acid precipitates into crystals that look very much like real snow. Make Colored Flame Pinecones - Toss one or more of these pinecones onto a holiday fire to produce colored flames. Make Fake Snow - Do you want a white Christmas, but know it wont snow? Make artificial snow! Make Peppermint Cream Wafers - This is a cooking recipe that is written more like a chemistry project procedure. You can eat the candy that you make. Copper Plate a Christmas Ornament - This is an electrochemistry project in which you plate a bright copper coating onto a holiday ornament. Its educational and produces a pretty decoration. Make Snow Ice Cream - You can learn about freezing point depression or just make a tasty treat. If you dont have snow, substitute shaved ice in these recipes. Grow a Crystal Snowflake - Crystal snowflakes make beautiful sparkly holiday ornaments. They grow overnight, so they dont take much time to make. Cheery Colored Fire - A holiday fire is always nice, but its even more festive if you add some color. These chemicals are readily available and safe enough for use in your home. Re-Use the Turkey Thermometer - You dont have to throw away the pop-up thermometer that comes with a holiday turkey. You can reset the thermometer to use for other turkeys or poultry. Glow in the Dark Crystal Snowflake - These snowflakes are cool because after you turn out the lights they continue to glow for a while. Baking Powder vs Baking Soda - If you run out of one or the other during your holiday baking, you can substitute the ingredients. You just need to understand the chemistry of baking powder and baking soda. Silver Crystal Christmas Tree - Grow pure silver crystals on a tree form to make a glittering silver Christmas tree. This is an easy chemistry project that makes a spectacular decoration. Holiday Gifts You Can Make Top Gifts Science Geeks Can Make - This is a collection of quick and easy gifts you can make using your chemistry know-how. Signature Scent Perfume - Crafting a signature scent is a classic chemistry project. Solid Perfume - You can also make a solid perfume, which is a convenient alternative to liquid perfume. Fizzy Bath Balls - Fizzy bath balls use sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to produce their fizz. Scented Bath Salts - There are different types of salts. A good scientist knows which to use to make soothing bath salts. Festive Gel Air Fresheners - You can make your own air fresheners. You can layer festive colors and add holiday scents, too.

2 cold war Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2 cold war - Assignment Example This was his response to the space race that heightened between the U.S and its rivals, the Soviet Union (Meagher and Gragg 59). During his regime, America came closest to war with the Soviet Union. This was the case of the Cuban missile when Kennedy threatened to resolve to military ways, a move that created a great crisis. This was the most challenging part of Kennedy’s rule on foreign policy matters. His efforts to suppress the Soviet Union’s threats of nuclear war were successful. He played a central role in reducing communism from spreading. Among his strategies to suppress communism, Kennedy used the Peace Corps initiative. Through the initiative, undeveloped societies benefited from humanitarian services offered by American volunteers. The role of Kennedy in the Cold War is interesting because of his brave and bold efforts to reduce the influential nature of spreading communism. His intellectual means of tackling some of the highest crisis, as that of the Vietnam, during the Cold War were plausible and appreciated by the international

Strategic management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Strategic management - Case Study Example The creation of high quality products requires a substantial investment. First, the organization needs to hire talented designers and other employees. Second, it needs to source for high quality raw materials. Third, it needs to create a process that ensures that the products that are produced are of the highest quality standard possible. IKEA has managed to adopt management practices that reduce its overhead costs. In addition, it has developed sustainable operations. As a result, it is able to create high quality furniture at competitive prices while also remaining profitable. In addition, it is costly for other furniture retailers to create high quality products with excellent design while keeping the price low. Furthermore, building the brand awareness that IKEA has built requires a consistent and expensive marketing effort. As a result, the organization has a competitive advantage over its competitors. The organization has developed an organizational culture that focuses on customer satisfaction. In addition, it has a long record of accomplishment in the furniture business. Consequently, it has developed the supply chain and distribution channel that is essential for a retailer. Furthermore, it has developed substantial industry

Research Proposal Essay Example for Free

Research Proposal Essay Correctional inmates engage in drug-related and sexual risk behaviors, and the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases occurs in correctional facilities. However, there is uncertainty about the extent of transmission, and hyperbolic descriptions of its extent may further stigmatize inmates and elicit punitive responses. Whether infection was acquired within or outside correctional facilities, the prevalence of HIV and other infectious diseases is much higher among inmates than among those in the general community, and the burden of disease among inmates and releases is disproportionately heavy. A comprehensive response is needed, including voluntary counseling and testing on request that is linked to high-quality treatment, disease prevention education, substance abuse treatment, and discharge planning and transitional programs for releases. General area being studied Sexual activity among inmates is a complex phenomenon that occurs along a continuum, from the entirely consensual to the violently coerced. The New York Times detailed a gang-run system of sexual slavery in a Texas prison, where at least 1 gay inmate claimed he was bought and sold numerous times and â€Å"forced into oral sex and anal sex on a daily basis. 9 Recent federal legislation called for research into the prevalence and patterns of rape and other sexual victimization within correctional facilities to inform policy changes aimed at controlling these abuses. 9 A Human Rights Watch report presented accounts of sexual slavery from inmates in Texas, Illinois, Michigan, California, and Arkansas and asserted that sexual victimization threatens inmates’ essential human rights. Importance of the studied area Conditions vary widely between correctional facilities and among these conditions is an opportunity for inmates to engage in sexual activity and drug use. Despite the denials of many correctional administrators, sexual activity and illicit drug use do take place in prisons and jails. A survey of inmates in a southeastern state prison system estimated that, on average, 44% of the inmates had sexual contact with other inmates. 1 Studies of US correctional systems published between 1982 and 2002 found that anywhere from 2% to 65% of inmates had homosexual contact while incarcerated. Studies of incoming, current, and former inmates in New York City, Illinois, Canada, Hungary, Thailand, and many other countries showed the prevalence and the riskiness of inmates’ sexual and drug use behaviors. 2–7 Because of the general lack of condoms and sterile needles/syringes, such behavior may involve greater risk within correctional facilities than on the outside. 8 Stated Problem During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, prisons and jails were commonly called breeding grounds for AIDS. Such statements are still made today. A Google search on May 19, 2005, of the terms breeding ground AND HIV AND prisons yielded more than 800 entries from newspapers, United Nations agencies, AIDS activist groups, and human rights organizations around the world. However intended, such opinions imply that unprotected sex and the sharing of drug injection equipment are rampant in prisons and that these activities commonly result in the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Background of problem Overall, there are uncertainties about the extent and the nature of infectious disease transmission within correctional facilities. Some of the aforementioned studies reached qualitative conclusions about the extent of transmission that are not supported by their analyses. Moreover, even when studies estimated the annual incidence of infection among inmates, the meaning and significance of such figures are not clear. On its face, an annual incidence rate of 0. 5% seems low. Yet, if such rates are applied to the total prison population, or even to that proportion of prisoners who engage in high-risk sexual or drug use behaviors, they may translate into substantial numbers of infections. However, even such numbers do not justify the use of metaphors such as â€Å"breeding ground† to characterize correctional facilities. Although some inmates are clearly being infected as a result of drug-related and sexual risk behaviors while incarcerated, the vast majority of cases among inmates probably are the result of exposure while in the general community. Sexually transmitted diseases are known to be more prevalent in correctional facilities. Although, sexual activity is prohibited in prisons sex acts still takes place. Transmitted diseases are higher among jail and prison population because inmates do not have access to condoms. Correctional facilities see giving condoms to inmates as encouraging homosexuality. However, numerous local screening studies and several national literature reviews reveal that women specifically girls in juvenile facilities and women in adult correctional facilities are more likely to have a sexually transmitted disease than men in these type facilities (Hammett, 2009). According, to the HIV and Aids Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Incarceration, among Women National and Southern perspectives study; the prevalence of HIV and other Sexually transmitted diseases are higher amongst female than male population in jail and prison facilities. This study advises the infectious disease HIV is three percent to two percent nationally. However HIV is found to be more common among prisoners released from correctional facilities in the south. In 1999 twenty six percent of people living with HIV were released from prison or jail that year. The study also reflects fifteen percent of women with HIV were correctional releases; the study also suggests that incarceration rates are higher in the south than majority of other regions and most women with HIV are poor African American women from rural areas (Hammett, 2009). However, one must ask themselves does this study reflect inmates going in to serve a sentence or inmates being released from prison. Because there are several ways in which males can contract HIV.

The Political Status of Tibet and China :: Foreign Policy Politics Political

In contemporary society, before major decisions are made, we are often urged to look back at the pertinent historical information and see if we can use this information to help us make clearer decisions and definitions especially in national and international policies. The real problem with this is that those making decisions often have a personal investment in the decision and are able to skew history and data towards the solution that they prefer. In these cases, it is necessary to look at both sides of the information before reaching a decision, and this is what I have tried to do concerning China’s policies and political viewpoint of Tibet. Through using objective and pro-Chinese documents, as well as outside knowledge of pro-Tibet viewpoints, I have attempted to prove whether or not I feel the Chinese are justified in claiming authority over Tibet, and conversely, whether Tibet is justified in claiming autonomy from China. My conclusion is that neither is justified. Through studying the political histories of the relationship of China and Tibet since the Tang Dynasty, constructed as alternating periods of each state’s dominance over each other in different ways, I believe that neither China nor Tibet is justified in their political opinions over the other and instead they historically have been partners unable to clearly be separate from each other. In order to properly come to a conclusion on what the actual historical status of Tibet and China is, one must begin with the first real documented political relationship existing between the two states. This period begins with the Tang Dynasty ruling in China (approximately 618 to 908 AD) and a series of powerful tribal chiefs in Tibet, referred to as the â€Å"‘Tubo’ in Chinese historical documents† (Yin 201). During this period, the Tubo were a highly powerful group, and for almost three centuries, constant battles erupted between Tibet and China, not clearly defined with borders yet. The Tibetans were still a highly nomadic society and sparsely spread along the high Tibetan plains. As the tribal chiefs began to gain more power, larger groups of people would congregate, and battles broke out when the nomadic Tibetans would either travel into Chinese territory or when the Chinese would infringe upon the Tibetan nomads’ lands. Due to the unclearly de fined borders between China and Tibet, many â€Å"minor frontier states† existed as a buffer zone between Tibet and China (Norbu 34). The Political Status of Tibet and China :: Foreign Policy Politics Political In contemporary society, before major decisions are made, we are often urged to look back at the pertinent historical information and see if we can use this information to help us make clearer decisions and definitions especially in national and international policies. The real problem with this is that those making decisions often have a personal investment in the decision and are able to skew history and data towards the solution that they prefer. In these cases, it is necessary to look at both sides of the information before reaching a decision, and this is what I have tried to do concerning China’s policies and political viewpoint of Tibet. Through using objective and pro-Chinese documents, as well as outside knowledge of pro-Tibet viewpoints, I have attempted to prove whether or not I feel the Chinese are justified in claiming authority over Tibet, and conversely, whether Tibet is justified in claiming autonomy from China. My conclusion is that neither is justified. Through studying the political histories of the relationship of China and Tibet since the Tang Dynasty, constructed as alternating periods of each state’s dominance over each other in different ways, I believe that neither China nor Tibet is justified in their political opinions over the other and instead they historically have been partners unable to clearly be separate from each other. In order to properly come to a conclusion on what the actual historical status of Tibet and China is, one must begin with the first real documented political relationship existing between the two states. This period begins with the Tang Dynasty ruling in China (approximately 618 to 908 AD) and a series of powerful tribal chiefs in Tibet, referred to as the â€Å"‘Tubo’ in Chinese historical documents† (Yin 201). During this period, the Tubo were a highly powerful group, and for almost three centuries, constant battles erupted between Tibet and China, not clearly defined with borders yet. The Tibetans were still a highly nomadic society and sparsely spread along the high Tibetan plains. As the tribal chiefs began to gain more power, larger groups of people would congregate, and battles broke out when the nomadic Tibetans would either travel into Chinese territory or when the Chinese would infringe upon the Tibetan nomads’ lands. Due to the unclearly de fined borders between China and Tibet, many â€Å"minor frontier states† existed as a buffer zone between Tibet and China (Norbu 34).

Marketing Campaigns and Ethical Perspectives

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Session: 3 Subject: The Social and Ethical Perspective of Entrepreneurship Case: A Friend For Life The Glades Company is a small manufacturer. It has produces and marketed a number of different toys and appliances that have done very well in the marketplace. Late last year, the product designer at the company, Tom Bringer, told the President, Paula Glades, that he had invented a small, cuddly, talking bear that might have a great deal of appeal. The bear is made of fluffy brown material that stimulate our, and it had a tape inside that contains 50 messages.The Glades Company decided to find out exactly how much market appeal the bear would have. Fifty of the bears were produced and placed In the kindergartens and nurseries around town. The results were better than the firm had hoped. One of the nurseries reported: â€Å"The bear was so popular that most of the children wanted to take it home for an evening. † Another said the bear was the most t oy in the school. Based on these data, the company decided to manufacture and market 1,000 of the bears. At the same time, a catchy marketing slogan was formulated: â€Å"A Friend For Life. The bear was marketed as a product a child could play with for years and years. The first batch of 1,000 bears sold out within a week. The company then scheduled another production run, this time 25,000 bears. Last week. In the middle of the production run, a problem was uncovered. The process of making the bear fur was much more expensive than anticipated. The company Is now faced with two options: It can absorb the extra cost and have the simulated fur produced, or It can use a bustiest fur that will not last as long.Specifically, the Orlando simulated fur will last for up to seven years of normal use: the less expensive simulated fur will last for only eight months. Some of the managers at Glade believe that most children are not interested in playing with the same toy for more than eight mon ths; therefore, substituting the less-expensive simulated for the more expensive fur should be no problem. Others believe that the company will damage its reputation if it have opts for the substitute fur.We are going to have complaints within eight months, and we are going to repent the day we agreed to a cheaper substitute,† the production manager argues. The sales manager disagrees, contending that â€Å"the market Is ready for this product, and we ought to provide It. † In the middle of this crawls, the accounting department Issued Its cost analysis of the venture. If the company goes with the more expensive simulated fur, it will lose $ 2. 75 per bear. If it chooses the less-expensive simulated The final decision on the matter rests with Paula Glades.People on both sides of the issue have given her their opinion. One of the last to speak was the vice president of manufacturing, who said â€Å"If you opt for the less expensive fur, think of what it is going to do t o your marketing campaign of ‘A Friend For Life. ‘ Are you going to change the slogan to ‘ A Friend For Eight Months'? † But the marketing vice president argued a different course of action: â€Å"We have a fortune tied up in this bear. If you stop production now or go to the more-expensive substitute, we'll lose or shirts. We aren't owing anything illegal by substituting the fur.The bear looks the same. Who's to Questions for discussion: 1 . Is the recommendation of the vice president marketing legal? Is it ethical? Why or why not? The marketing vice president has recommended that production continue using the substitute fur. While this is not illegal, since there are no laws specifically governing what type of simulated fur is used, it is unethical to delude the public into thinking the product is of high quality when the material is actually of low quality. Especially nice the company knows exactly what it is doing in trading away good faith and trust for the sake of profits. . Would it be ethical if the firm used the less expensive simulated fur but did not change its slogan of â€Å"A Friend For Life† and did not tell the buyer about the change in the production process? Why or why not? No, it would not be ethical since the firm had already produced 26,000 bears with the higher quality simulated fur that lasts seven years. The continued production of bears under the same slogan â€Å"A Friend for Life† but with lower-quality simulated fur expected to last only eight months is consumer fraud.Thus, while the legal question may be debated as to the actual fraud, the ethics question is not debatable. This is a prime example of disregard for ethics. 3. If you were advising Paula, What would you recommend? As an adviser to Paula, you should utilize Table 6. 3, which illustrates the various approaches to management ethics. The column dealing with â€Å"moral management† explains the different aspects of ethics concer ned with motives, goals, orientation to the law, and strategy.The strategy segment especially applies to Paula in that she must assume a leadership role when ethical dilemmas arise. In dealing with consumers, enlightened self- interest means that by having concern for others will find that either full disclosure to†¦ One of the most important attributes for small business success, is the distinguishing quality of practicing admirable business ethics. Business ethics, practiced throughout the deepest layers of a company, become the heart and soul of the company's culture and can mean the difference between success and failure

Mudarabah Definition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 885 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category Finance Essay Type Assignment Level High school Did you like this example? Whats Mudarabah? It is a kind of partnership where one partner gives money to another for investing in a commercial enterprise. The investment comes from the first partner who is called Rab-ul-Maal while the management and work is an exclusive responsibility of the other, who is called Mudarib and the profits generated are shared in a predetermined ratio (Aziz, 2012 pg 7). Types of Mudarabah Restricted Mudarabah (Al Mudarabah Al Muqayyadah): It implies thatRab-ul-Maal is identifying particular business or a particular place for theMudarib, in the case that he shall invest the money in (Chowdhry, 2016 pg. 5) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mudarabah Definition" essay for you Create order Types of Mudarabah Unrestricted Mudarabah (Al Mudarabah Al Mutlaqah): It implies thatRab-ul-Maal provides full freedom toMudarib to undertake whatever business he considers, HoweverMudarib cannot lend money to anyone or do any extraordinary work without the approval ofRab-ul-Maal. He is also not authorized to: Keep another Mudarib or a partner. Mix his own investment in that particular Mudarabah without the consent ofRab-ul-Maal (Anwar, 2011 pg. 30). Business case Durrat Al Bahrain is considered as a hallmark resort island city, Located on the south coast of Bahrain. Offerings over 2000 beachfront villas, 3600 executive apartments and offices, luxury hotels and spa resorts, parks and entertainment (Ma, 2009 pg. 12). On 2003 Development of Durrat Khaleej Al-Bahrain Project launched. Its a US$ 6 billion joint development project owned by the Government of Bahrain and Kuwait Finance House (Bahrain). Kuwait Finance House (Bahrain) owning equal shares (50%) with the Government of Kingdom of Bahrain (Manap, 2017 pg. 10) Transaction Structure 1. Project Feasible study Collection capital Sharing Profit/ Loss Marketing project CBB Insurance Approve project Risk management department evaluate proposed project, and draw scenarios, backup plan. Presented project to CBB insurance for approval, and risk assessment. CBB hold project forecasted capital as guarantee, to reduce risk of project failure and to protect investors. Collecting and marketing project, through adding expected profit from the project. Made will be shared between the capital provider and the entrepreneur according to an agreed ratio, where both parties share in profits and only capital provider bears all the losses if occurred (Nisar, 2007 pg. 31). Why Mudarabah was successful? Low Participation in Profit Loss Sharing Arrangement: They studied the market too well and they considered offering an affordable and realistic rate to the buyers. It is the most secure product based on the feasibility studies that they have done (Nuruzzaman, 2013 pg. 32) The real state projects are always welcome and on high demand in the gulf. Advantages of Mudarabah Although this Quranic verse do not addresses straight forward the validity of mudaraba, it has been interpreted to include the intention of trading and seeking permissible income (Sadique, 2009 pg. 12) Basically, the wordmudarabat/ is derived from the Arabic word Daraba/ Which meansto strike. In Islamic Jurisprudence, mudarabat/ is such trade or business of partnership in which one party provides toanother party the capital and that other party carries on the business. Like all other trade and business the object of this business is also to earn profit by dong a business which isnot prohibited by the Shari`ah and in which no element of? Riba involves. When at the end the business earns profitthe same is distributed among the partners according to thealready agreed conditions. Thusmu darabat/ is akind of Partnership (Shir a kat) in which one partyinvests money and the other party puts his services. Advantages of Mudarabah Earn profit by doing a business which is not prohibited by the Shari`ah and in which no element of Riba involves. When at the end of the business earns profit the same is distributed among the partners according to the already agreed conditions (Khan, 2016 pg. 11) It assists in financial inclusion. Reducing the impact of harmful products and practices. It promotes the principle of financial justice Encouraging stability in investments. Accelerating economic development. Disadvantages (limitation) of Mudarabah Due to greater complexities of Islamic bank transactions, they face a greater difficulties in recognizing and handling risks as compare with a conventional bank. It is difficult to expand a business financed through Mudarabah because of limited opportunities to re-invest retained earnings and/or raising additional funds. TheMudarib cannot become the sole owner of the project except through diminishing Musharakah, which may take a long time PLS (Khaled, 2011 pg. 9) Reference List Anwar, M., 2011. Development Of Mudarabah Instruments: Understanding Their Profitability, Securitization And Negotiability Aspects. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 9(2). Aziz, F., Anjam, M., Fahim, S.M. and Saleem, F., 2012. Mudarabah in Islamic Finance: A Critical Analysis of Interpretation Implications. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(5), pp.1236-1243. Chowdhry, S., 2016. Creating an Islamic microfinance model: the missing dimension. Dinar Standard: Business Strategies for the Muslim World. Khaled, M., 2011, June. Building a successful business model for Islamic microfinance. In Global Microcredit Summit Commissioned Workshop Paper. Khan, M.A., 2012. Types of Business Organisation in an Islamic Economy. Quill Publishers. Ma, I.Z.L., 2009. How Islamic Banking System work and operate in Malaysia/Isa Ma Zi Liang (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Malaya). Manap, A., Hanna, S. and Siththi, F., 2017. Poverty Alleviation via Microfinance using the Concept of Mudharabah.? International journal of management and applied research, 4(3), pp.188-178. Nisar, S., 2007. Islamic Bonds (Sukuk): its introduction and application. Electronic Article at: www. financeinislam. com. Nuruzzaman, M., 2013. Politics, economics and Saudi military intervention in Bahrain. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 43(2), pp.363-378. Sadique M.A., 2009. Essentials of Musharakah and Mudarabah: Islamic texts on theory of partnership. IIUM Press.